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What powers are held by state governments?

National powers

Reserved powers

State governments hold reserved powers, which are the powers not specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states. The Tenth Amendment clearly establishes that any powers not delegated to the United States, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved for the states or the people. This allows states a range of authority over their own governmental affairs, including the ability to legislate on matters such as education, transportation, healthcare, and local law enforcement.

In contrast, national powers are those conferred solely to the federal government, often referred to as enumerated powers, which are explicitly stated in the Constitution. Implied powers arise from the Necessary and Proper Clause, enabling Congress to enact laws that may not be explicitly mentioned in the Constitution but are deemed necessary to execute its enumerated powers.

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Enumerated powers

Implied powers

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